REFERENCES
1. [No authors listed]. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated
fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the
GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della
Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto miocardico. Lancet. 1999;354:447–455.
2.
A. Gaby. B6-The Natural Healer. New Canaan: Keats: 1984.
3.
Access Integrative Medicine, Integrative Medicine Communications,
2000
4. Adam O, Beringer C, Kless T, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of a
low arachidonic acid diet and fish oil in patients with rheumatoid
arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2003;23:27–36.
5.
Adams PB, Lawson S, Sanigorski A, Sinclair AJ. Arachidonic acid to
eicosapentanoic acid ratio in blood correlates positively with
clinical symptoms of depression. Lipids 1996; 31: S157-S161.
6.
Adams WK Keirer SW and Badia-Elder N. Tryptophan deficiency and
alcohol consumption in rats as a model for disadvantaged human
populations: a preliminary study. Medical Anthropology.
1995;16(2):175-91.
7.
Agren JJ, Hanninen O, Julkunen A, et al. Fish diet, fish oil and
docosahexaenoic acid rich oil lower fasting and postprandial plasma
lipid levels. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1996;50:765-771.
8.
Ahveninen J, Kahkonen S, Pennanen S, et al. Tryptophan depletion
effects on EEG and MEG responses suggest serotonergic modulation of
auditory involuntary attention in humans. NeuroImage 2002;16:1052-61.
9.
Al MD, et al. Maternal essential fatty acid patterns during normal
pregnancy and their relationship to the neonatal essential fatty acid
status. Br J Nutr 1995;74:55-68.
10.
Al MD, van Houwelingen AC, Kester AD, et al. Maternal essential fatty
acid patterns during normal pregnancy and their relationship to
neonatal essential fatty acid status. Br
J Nutr
1995;74(1):55-68.
11. Alino, J. J., J. L. Gutierrez and M. L. Iglesias (1976).
"5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and a MAOI (nialamide) in the
treatment of depressions. A double-blind controlled study." Int
Pharmacopsychiatry 11(1): 8-15.
12.
Almallah YZ, El-Tahir A, Heys SD, et al. Distal procto-colitis
and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: the mechanism(s) of natural
cytotoxicity inhibition. Eur J Clin Invest. 2000;30:58–65.
13. Angerer P, Stork S, Kothny W, et al. Effect of marine omega-3 fatty
acids on peripheral atherosclerosis in patients with coronary artery
disease—a randomised 2 year intervention trial [abstract]. Eur
Heart J. 2001;22(suppl):162.
14. Angst J, Woggon B, Schoepf J. The treatment of depression with
L-5-hydroxytryptophan versus imipramine. Results of two open and one
double-blind study. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr. 1977;224:175–186.
15.
Anon. Study links depression, heart disease. Reuters Health report,
Chicago, Feb. 10, 2004.
16.
Appel LJ, Miller ER III, Seidler AJ, et al. Does supplementation
of diet with 'fish oil' reduce blood pressure? A meta-analysis of
controlled clinical trials. Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:1429–1438.
17.
Arm J. The effects of dietary supplementation with fish oil on
asthmatic responses to antigen. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1988;81:183.
18. Arm JP, Thien FC, Lee TH. Leukotrienes, fish-oil, and asthma. Allergy
Proc. 1994;15:129–134.
19.
Arvindakshan M, Ghate M, Ranjekar PK, et al. Supplementation with
a combination of omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants (vitamins E and
C) improves the outcome of schizophrenia. Schizophr
Res
2003;62(3):195-204.
20. Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, et al. Dietary intake of marine n-3
fatty acids, fish intake, and the risk of coronary disease among men.
N Engl J Med. 1995;332:977–982.
21. Aslan A, Triadafilopoulos G. Fish oil fatty acid supplementation in
active ulcerative colitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled,
crossover study. Am J Gastroenterol. 1992;87:432–437.
22.
Attele AS, Xie JT, Yuan CS. Treatment of insomnia: an alternative
approach.Altern Med Rev. 2000;5(3):249-259.
23. Auffranc JC, Berbis P, Fabre JF, et al. Sclerodermiform and
poikilodermal syndrome observed during treatment with carbidopa and
5-hydroxytryptophan [translated from French]. Ann Dermatol Venereol.
1985;112:691–692
24.
Balch P, Balch J, Prescription For Nutritional Healing. 2000; Penguin
Putnam Inc. New York, NY
25. Barber MD. Cancer cachexia and its treatment with fish-oil-enriched
nutritional supplementation. Nutrition. 2001;17:751–755.
26.
Barberger-Gateau P, Letenneur L, Deschamps V, et al. Fish, meat,
and risk of dementia: cohort study. BMJ
2002;325(7370):932-3.
27.
Barlet P, Pailard P. Etude clinique du 5-hydroxytryptophane dans
les etats depressifs du troisieme age. Cah Med Lyon
1973;50:1985-1901. [Article in French]
28.
Bassey EJ, Littlewood JJ, Rothwell MC, et al. Lack of effect of
supplementation with essential fatty acids on bone mineral density in
healthy pre- and postmenopausal women: two randomized controlled
trials of EfacalŴ v. calcium alone. Br J Nutr. 2000;83:629–635.
29.
Bates D. Dietary lipids and multiple sclerosis. Ups J Med Sci
Suppl. 1990;48:173–187.
30.
Behan PO, Behan WM, Horrobin D. Effect of high doses of essential
fatty acids on the postviral fatigue syndrome. Acta Neurol Scand.
1990;82:209–216.
31.
Beck-Friis J, von Rosen D, Kjellman BF, Ljunggren JG, Wetterberg
L. Melatonin in relation to body measures, sex, age season and the
use of drugs in patients with major affective disorders and healthy
subjects. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1998;9:261-77
32.
Belluzzi A, Brignola C, Campieri M, et al. Effect of an
enteric-coated fish-oil preparation on relapses in Crohn's disease. N
Engl J Med. 1996;334:1557–1560.
33.
Belongia EA, Hedberg CW, Gleich GJ, et al. An investigation of
the cause of the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome associated with
tryptophan use. N Engl J Med. 1990;323:357–365.
34.
Benkelfat C. Ellenbogen MA and others. Mood-lowering effect of
tryptophan depletion. Enhanced susceptibility in young men at genetic
risk for major affective disorders. Arch Gen Psych.
1994;51(9):687-97.
35.
Bhatara VS, Magnus RD, Paul KL, et al. Serotonin syndrome induced by
venlafaxine and fluoxetine: a case study in polypharmacy and
potential pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic mechansims. Ann
Pharmacother. 1998;32(4):432-436.
36.
Billman GE, Hallaq H, Leaf A. Prevention of ischemia-induced
ventricular fibrillation by omega 3 fatty acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U
S A. 1994;91:4427–4430.
37.
Birdsall TC, 5-Hydroxytryptophan: a clinically-effective
serotonin precursor. Altern Med Rev 1998 Aug;3(4):271-80.
38.
Bittiner SB, Cartwright I, Tucker WFG, et al. A double-blind,
randomised, placebo-controlled trial of fish oil in psoriasis.
Lancet. 1988;1:378–380.
39.
Blommers J, De Lange-De Klerk ES, Kuik DJ, et al. Evening
primrose oil and fish oil for severe chronic mastalgia: A randomized,
double-blind, controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol.
2002;187:1389–1394.
40.
Bodner RA, et.al., Serotonin syndrome. Neurol.
1995;45(2):219-223.
41.
Bono G, Criscuoli M, Martignoni E, et al. Serotonin precursors in
migraine prophylaxis. Adv Neurol. 1982;33:357–363.
42.
Bosker et al. Effects of single and repeated oral administration
of fluvoxamine on extracellular serotonin in the median raphe nucleus
and dorsal hippocampus of the rat. Neuropharmacology 34-501-8 (1995)
43.
Bourin M, Baker GB, Bradwejn J. Neurobiology of panic disorder. J
Psychosom Res 1998;44(1):163-80.
44.
Bourre JM, Bonneil M, Clement M, Dumont O, et al. Function of
dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in the nervous system.
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1993; 48: 5-15.
45.
Brambilla F, Maggioni M. Blood levels of cytokines in elderly
patients with major depressive disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1998;
97: 309-13.
46.
Bratman S, Kroll D, The Natural Pharmacist: Natural Health Bible.
2000; Prima Publishing, USA
47.
Bressa, G.M., 'S Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe) As Antidepressant:
Meta-Analy-sis of Clinical Studies' Acta Neurologica Scandinavica
Supplement (1994): 154: 7-14.
48.
Brodie HKH, Sack R, Siever L. Clinical studies of
L-5-hydroxytryptophan in depression. In: Barchas J, Usdin E, eds.
Serotonin and Behavior. New York: Academic Press; 1973:549-559.
49.
Bruera E, Strasser F, Palmer JL, et al. Effect of fish oil on
appetite and other symptoms in patients with advanced cancer and
anorexia/cachexia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin
Oncol. 2003;21:129–134.
50.
Bruinsma KA, Taren DL. Dieting, essential fatty acid intake, and
depression. Nutrition Rev. 2000;58(4):98-108.
51.
Buajordet I, et al. Statins—the pattern of adverse effects
with emphasis on mental reactions. Data from a national and an
international database. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 1997;117:3210-3213.
52.
Bucher HC, Hengstler P, Schindler C, et al. N-3 polyunsaturated
fatty acids in coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of randomized
controlled trials. Am J Med. 2002;112:298-304.
53.
Buck AC, Jenkins A, Lingam K, et al. The treatment of idiopathic
recurrent urolithiasis with fish oil (EPA) and evening primrose oil
(GLA)—a double blind study. J Urol. 1993;149:253A.
54.
Burr ML, Fehily AM, Gilbert JF, et al. Effects of changes in fat,
fish, and fibre intakes on death and myocardial reinfarction: diet
and reinfarction trial (DART). Lancet. 1989;2:757–761.
55.
Byerley WF, et al. 5-Hydroxytryptophan: a review of its
antidepressant efficacy and adverse effects. J Clin Psychopharmacol.
1987;7:127–137.
56.
C. Cangiano, et al. Eating Behavior and Adherence to Dietary
Prescriptions in Obese Adult Subjects Treated with
5-Hydroxytryptophan. Am J Clin Nutr 1992; 56: 863-7.
57.
C. Maurizi. The Therapeutic Potential for Tryptophan and Melatonin:
Possible Roles in Depression, Sleep, Alzheimer's Disease and Abnormal
Aging. Med Hypoth. 1990; 31: 233-42.
58.
Calabrese, Joseph R., et al. Fish oils and bipolar
disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, Vol. 56, May 1999, pp.
413-14 (commentary)
59.
Calderon-Guzman D, Hernandez-Islas JL, Espitia-Vazquez I,
Barragan-Mejia G, Hernandez-Garcia E, Santamaria-del Angel D,
Juarez-Olguin H. Pyridoxine, regardless of serotonin levels,
increases production of 5-hydroxytryptophan in rat brain. Arch Med
Res 2004 Jul-Aug;35(4):271-4.
60.
Cangiano C Ceci F Cairella M Cascino A Del Ben M Laviano A
Muscaritoli M Rossi Fanelli F, Effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan on
eating behavior and adherence to dietary prescriptions in obese adult
subjects. Adv-Exp-Med-Biol. 1991; 294: 591-3 1991 0065-2598.
61.
Cangiano C Laviano A Del Ben M Preziosa I Angelico F Cascino A
Rossi Fanelli F, Effects of oral 5-hydroxy-tryptophan on energy
intake and macronutrient selection in non-insulin dependent diabetic
patients. Int-J-Obes-Relat-Metab-Disord. 1998 Jul; 22(7): 648-54 1998
0307-0565.
62.
Cangiano C, Ceci F, Cairella M, et al. Effects of
5-Hydroxytryptophan on eating behavior and adherence to dietary
prescriptions in obese adult subjects. Adv Exp Med Biol.
1991;294:591–593.
63.
Cangiano C, et al. Effects of oral 5-hydroxy-tryptophan on energy
intake and macronutrient selection in non-insulin dependent diabetic
patients. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1998; 22:648–654.
64.
Cangiano, C. Ceci, F. Cascino, A. Del Ben, M. Laviano, A.
Muscaritoli, M. Antonucci, F. Rossi Fanelli, F, Eating behavior and
adherence to dietary prescriptions in obese adult subjects treated
with 5-hydroxytryptophan. American-journal-of-clinical-nutrition
(USA). (Nov 1992). v. 56(5) p. 863-867. 1992 0002-9165.
65.
Carlezon WA Jr, Mague SD, Parow AM, Stoll AL, Cohen BM, Renshaw
PF. Antidepressant-like effects of uridine and omega-3 fatty acids
are potentiated by combined treatment in rats. Bio Psychiatry. 2005
Feb 15;57(4): 343-50.
66.
Caruso I, et al. Double-blind study of 5-hydroxytryptophan versus
placebo in the treatment of primary fibromyalgia syndrome. J Int Med
Res 1990;18:201-9.
67. Caruso I, Sarzi Puttini P,
Cazzola M, Azzolini V, Double-blind study of 5-hydroxytryptophan
versus placebo in the treatment of primary fibromyalgia syndrome. J
Int Med Res 1990 May-Jun;18(3):201-9.
68.
Cassidy F, Ahearn E, Carroll J. Elevated frequency of diabetes
mellitus in hospitalized manic-depressive patients. Am J Psychiatry
1999;156:1417-20.
69.
Castot A, Bidault I, Bournerias I, et al. “Eosinophilia-myalgia”
syndrome due to L-tryptophan containing products. Cooperative
evaluation of French Regional Centers of Pharmacovigilance. Analysis
of 24 cases. Therapie. 1991;46(5):355–365.
70.
Cauffield JS, Forbes HJ. Dietary supplements used in the
treatment of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. Lippincotts
Prim Care Pract. 1999; 3(3):290-304.
71.
Ceci F, Cangiano C, Cairella M, Cascino A, et al. The effects of
oral 5-hydroxytryptophan administration on feeding behavior in obese
adult female subjects. J Neural Transm. 1989;76:109–117.
72.
Childs MT, King IB, Knopp RH. Divergent lipoprotein responses to
fish oils with various ratios of eicosapentaenoic acid and
docosahexaenoic acid. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990;52:632-639.
73.
Chappell J. The Miracle Elements: Fossilized Stony Coral
Minerals. 2001; Clark’s Printing Company, Inc. Ventura, CA
74.
Chiu CC, Huang SY, Su KP, et al. Polyunsaturated fatty acid
deficit in patients with bipolar disorder. Eur
Neuropsychopharmacol
2003;13(2):99-103.
75.
Christensen O, Christensen E. Fat consumption and schizophrenia.Acta
Psychiatr Scand
1988;78(5):587-591
76.
Clark WF, Parbtani A, Naylor CD, et al. Fish oil in lupus
nephritis: clinical findings and methodological implications. Kidney
Int. 1993;44:75–86.
77.
Cleland L, James M, Proudman S. The role of fish oils in the
treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Drugs. 2003;63:845–853.
78.
Cobiac L, Clifton PM, Abbey M, et al. Lipid, lipoprotein, and
hemostatic effects of fish vs fish-oil n–3 fatty acids in
mildly hyperlipidemic males. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;53:1210–1216.
79.
Coleman M. Myoclonus in the young after 5-hydroxytryptophan
[letter]. N Engl J Med. 1977;296:820.
80.
Conquer JA, Martin JB, Tummon I, et al. Effect of DHA
supplementation on DHA status and sperm motility in asthenozoospermic
males. Lipids. 2000;35:149–154.
81.
Cott J, Hibbeln JR. Lack of seasonal mood change in Icelanders.
Am J Psychiatry 2001;158:328.
82.
Cunnane SC, Ho SY, Dore-Duffy P, et al. Essential fatty acid and
lipid profiles in plasma and erythrocytes in patients with multiple
sclerosis. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;50:801–806.
83.
Curb JD, Reed DM. Fish consumption and mortality from coronary
heart disease [letter]. N Engl J Med. 1985;313:821–822.
84.
D. Murphy et al. Obssessive-Compulsive Disorder as a 5-HT Subsytem
-Related Behavioral Disorder. Bri J Psychiatry. 1989; 155: 15-24.
85.
D. Murphy et al. Obssessive-Compulsive Disorder as a 5-HT
Subsytem -Related Behavioral Disorder. Bri J Psychiatry. 1989; 155:
15-24.
86.
Dakshinamurti K, LeBlancq WD, Herchl R, Havlicek V. Nonparallel
changes in brain monoamines of pyridoxine-deficient growing rats. Exp
Brain Res 1976;26:355-66.
87.
Dakshinamurti K, Sharma SK, Bonke D. Influence of B vitamins on
binding properties of serotonin receptors in the CNS of rats. Klin
Wochenschr 1990;68:142-5.
88.
Davidson MH, Maki KC, Kalkowski J, et al. Effects of
docosahexaenoic acid on serum lipoproteins in patients with combined
hyperlipidemia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
J Am Coll Nutr. 1997;16:236-243.
89.
De Benedittis G, Massei R, Serotonin precursors in chronic
primary headache. A double-blind cross-over study with
L-5-hydroxytryptophan vs. placebo. J Neurosurg Sci 1985
Jul-Sep;29(3):239-48.
90.
De Giorgis G, Miletto R, Iannuccelli M, Camuffo M, Scerni S,
Headache in association with sleep disorders in children: a
psychodiagnostic evaluation and controlled clinical study--L-5-HTP
versus placebo. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1987;13(7):425-33. .
91.
De Lorgeril M, Renaud S, Mamelle N, et al. Mediterranean
alpha-linolenic acid-rich diet in secondary prevention of coronary
heart disease. Lancet. 1994;343:1454–1459.
92.
De Wilde MC, Farkas E, Gerritis M, Kiliaan AJ, Luiten PGM. The
effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich diets on cognitive and
cerebrovascular parameters in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Bran
Res 2002; 947: 166-73.
93.
Delgado PL, Price LH and others. Serotonin and the biology of
depression. Effects of tryptophan depletion in drug-free depressed
patients. Arch Gen Psych. 1994;51(11):865-74.
94.
Delion S, Chalon S, Guilloteau D, et al. Alpha-linolenic acid
dietary deficiency alters age-related changes of dopaminergic and
serotonergic neurotransmission in the rat frontal cortex. J
Neurochem
1996;66(4):1582-91.
95.
Deutch B, Jorgensen EB, Hansen JC. Menstrual discomfort in Danish
women reduced by dietary supplements of omega-3 PUFA and B12 (fish oil or seal oil softgels). Nutr Res. 2000;20:621–631.
96.
DeVane CL, Sallee FR. Serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors in
child and adolescent psychopharmacology: A review of published
experience. J Clin Psyc 1996;57:55-66.
97.
Diabetes common in hospitalized bipolar patients. Reuters Health
Sep 22 1999. http://www.reutershealth.com/frame_archive.html
98.
Diamond S, Pepper BJ, Diamond MI, et al. Serotonin syndrome induced
by transitioning from phenelzine to venlafaxine: four patient
reports. Neurol. 1998;51(1):274-276.
99. DiGiacomo RA, Kremer JM, Shah DM. Fish-oil dietary supplementation in
patients with Raynaud's phenomenon: a double-blind, controlled,
prospective study. Am J Med. 1989;86:158–164.
100.
Dolecek TA, Granditis G. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and
mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT).
World Rev Nutr Diet. 1991;66:205–216.
101.
Donadio JV Jr, Grande JP, Bergstralh EJ, et al. The long-term
outcome of patients with IgA nephropathy treated with fish oil in a
controlled trial. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999;10:1772–1777.
102.
Dry J, Vincent D. Effect of a fish oil diet on asthma: Results of
a one-year double-blind study. Int Arch Allergy Immunol.
1991;95:156–157.
103.
Durrington PN, Bhatnagar D, Mackness MI, et al. An omega-3
polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrate administered for one year
decreased triglycerides in simvastatin treated patients with coronary
heart disease and persisting hypertriglyceridaemia. Heart.
2001;85:544–548.
104.
Dyerberg J. N-3 fatty acids and coronary artery disease:
potentials and problems. Omega-3, Lipoproteins, and Atherosclerosis.
1996;27:251–258.
105.
Edwards R, Peet M, Shay J, Horrobin D. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty
acid levels in the diet and in red blood cell membranes of depressed
patients. J Affect Disord. 1998;48(2-3):149-155.
106.
Edwards, Rhian, et al. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels
in the diet and in red blood cell membranes of depressed patients.
Journal of Affective Disorders, Vol. 48, 1998, pp. 149-55
107.
Egede LE. Diabetes, major depression, and functional disability
among U.S. adults. Diabetes Care 2004;27(2):421-8.
108.
Elko CJ, Burgess JL, Robertson WO. Zolpidem-associated hallucinations
and serotonin reuptake inhibition: a possible interaction. J Toxicol
Clin Toxicol. 1998;36(3):195-203.
109.
Ellis EF, Police RJ, Dodson LY, McKinney JS, Holt SA. Effect of
dietary n-3 fatty acids on cerebral microcirculation. Am J Physiol
1992; 262: H1379-H1386.
110.
Emsley R, Myburgh C, Oosthuizen P, Van Rensburg, SJ. Randomized,
placebo-controlled study of ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid as
supplemental treatment in schizophrenia. Am
J Psychiatry
2002;159(9):1596-8.
111.
Endres S. Messengers and mediators: interactions among lipids,
eicosanoids and cytokines. Am
J Clin Nutr
1993;57(5 suppl):798S-800S.
112.
Engelhart MJ, Geerlings MI, Ruitenberg A, et al. Diet and risk of
dementia: does fat matter? The Rotterdam Study. Neurology
2002;59(12):1915-21.
113.
FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION Talk Paper. Impurities confirmed in
dietary supplement 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan. 1998. Accessed at
http://vm.cfsan.Food
and Drug Administration.gov/~lrd/tp5htp.html
on February 2, 2001.
114.
Fenton WS, Dickerson F, Boronow J, et al. A placebo-controlled
trial of omega-3 fatty acid (ethyl eicosapentaenoic acid)
supplementation for residual symptoms and cognitive impairment in
schizophrenia. Am
J Psychiatry
2001;158(12):2071-4.
115.
Folia Psychiatr Neurol Jpn. 1978;32(2):223-30. PMID: 307522
116.
Food & Drug Administration, Dear Colleague Letter: December
5, 1989 Update On L-Tryptophan, The FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION
117.
Frangou S., Lewis M., McCrone P. Efficacy of
Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Bipolar Depression: Randomised
Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. The British Journal of
Psychiatry 2006; 188 (1): 46-50
118.
Frangou, S. and Lewis, M. The Maudsley Bipolar Disorder Project a
double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of ethyl-EPA as an
adjunct treatment of depression in bipolar disorder. Bipolar
Disorders 2002; 4 123. (abstract)
119.
Fujiwara J, Otsuki S. Subtype of affective psychoses classified
by response on amineprecursors and monoamine metabolism. J Oral
Pathol 1973;2:93-100.
120.
G. DeBenedittis and R. Massei. 5-HT Precursors in Migraine Prophy
laxis: A Double-Blind Cross-Over Study with L-5-Hydroxytryptophan
versus Placebo. Clin J Pain. 1986; 3: 123-29.
121.
G. Huether, et al. The Metabolic Fate of Infused L-Tryptophan in Men:
Possible Clinical Implications of the Accumulation of Circulating
Tryptophan and Tryptophan Metabolites. Psychopharmacol (Germany).
1992; 109: 442-32.
122.
Gaby. B6The Natural Healer. New Canaan: Keats: 1984.
123.
Gallai V, Sarchielli P, Trequattrini A, et al. Cytokine secretion
and eicosanoid production in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells
of MS patients undergoing dietary supplementation with n-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Neuroimmunol. 1995;56:143–153.
124.
Ganong WF. Review of Medical Physiology. 13th ed: Appleton &
Lange; 1987.
125.
Gardner DM, Lynd LD. Sumatriptan contraindications and the serotonin
syndrome. Ann Pharmacother. 1998;32(1):33-38.
126.
Geleijnse JM, Giltay EJ, Grobbee DE, et al. Blood pressure
response to fish oil supplementation: metaregression analysis of
randomized trials. J Hypertens. 2002;20:1493-1499.
127.
George TP, Godleski LS. Possible serotonin syndrome with trazodone
addition to fluoxetine. Biol Psychiatry. 1996;39(5):384-385.
128.
Gerbi A, Maixent JM, Ansaldi JL, et al. Fish oil supplementation
prevents diabetes-induced nerve conduction velocity and
neuroanatomical changes in rats. J Nutr. 1999;129:207–213.
129.
Gijsman, H. J., J. M. van Gerven, M. L. de Kam, R. C. Schoemaker,
M. S. Pieters, M. Weemaes, R. de Rijk, J. van Der Post and A. F.
Cohen (2002). "Placebo-controlled comparison of three
dose-regimens of 5- hydroxytryptophan challenge test in healthy
volunteers." J Clin Psychopharmacol 22(2): 183-9.
130.
Glueck CJ, McCarren T, Hitzemann R, et al. Amelioration of severe
migraine with omega-3 fatty acids: a double-blind, placebo-controlled
clinical trial [abstract]. Am J Clin Nutr. 1986;43:710.
131.
Goldberg P, Fleming MC, Picard EH. Multiple sclerosis: decreased
relapse rate through dietary supplementation with calcium, magnesium
and vitamin D. Med Hypotheses. 1986;21:193–200.
132.
Golden SH, Williams JE, Ford DE, Yeh, H-C, Sanford CP, Nieto FJ,
Brancati, FL. Depressive symptoms and the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes Care 2004;27(2):429-35.
133.
Golomb BA. Cholesterol and violence: Is there a connection? Ann
Intern Med 1998;128:478-487.
134.
Greenfield SM, Green AT, Teare JP, et al. A randomized controlled
study of evening primrose oil and fish oil in ulcerative colitis.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1993;7:159–166.
135.
Guallar E, Hennekens CH, Sacks FM, et al. A prospective study of
plasma fish oil levels and incidence of myocardial infarction in U.S.
male physicians. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;25:387–394.
136.
Gwaltney-Brant SM, Albretsen JC, Khan SA. 5-Hydroxytryptophan
toxicosis in dogs: 21 cases (1989-1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc.
2000;216:1937-1940.
137.
H. van Praag. Central Monoamine Metabolism in Depressions. I.
Serotonin and Related Compounds. Compreh Psychiatry. 1980; 21: 30-43.
138.
H. van Praag. Management of Depression with Serotonin Precursors.
Biol Psychiatry. 1981; 16: 291-310.
139.
H. van Praag. Studies of the Mechanism of Action of Serotonin
Precursors in Depression. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1984; 20: 599-602.
140.
Haag M. Essential fatty acids and the brain. Can J Psychiatry. 2003
Apr;48(3):195-203.
141.
Hagan JJ, Hatcher JP, Slade PD. The role of 5-HT1D and 5-HT1A
receptors in mediating 5-hydroxytryptophan induced myoclonic jerks in
guinea pigs. Eur J Pharmacol. 1995;294:743–751.
142.
Haleem DJ, Yasmeen A and others. 24h withdrawal following
repeated administration of caffeine attenuates brain serotonin but
not tryptophan in rat brain: implications for caffeine-induced
depression. Life Sciences. 1995;57(19):PL285-92.
143.
Halsted CH, Ghandi G, Tamura T. Sulfasalazine inhibits the
absorption of folates in ulcerative colitis. N Engl J Med.
1981;305:1513–1517.
144.
Halstead B. Fossil Stony Coral Minerals And Their Nutritional
Application. 1999; Health Digest Publishing Company, Cannon Beach,
Oregon
145.
Hardman WE, Moyer MP, Cameron IL. Consumption of an omega-3 fatty
acids product, INCELL AAFA, reduced side-effects of CPT-11
(irinotecan) in mice. Br J Cancer. 2002;86:983-988.
146.
Harel Z, Biro FM, Kottenhahn RK, et al. Supplementation with
omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the management of dysmenorrhea
in adolescents. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;174:1335–1338.
147.
Harris WS. Dietary fish oil and blood lipids. Curr Opin Lipidol.
1996;7:3–7.
148.
Harris WS. N-3 fatty acids and lipoproteins: comparison of
results from human and animal studies. Lipids. 1996;31:243–252.
149.
Harrison BJ, Olver JS, Norman TR, Burrows, GD, Wesnes KA, Nathan
PJ. Selective effects of acute serotonin and catecholamine depletion
on memory in healthy women. J Psychopharmacol 2004;18(1):32-40.
150.
Hartvig P, Lindner KJ, Bjurling P, Langstrom B, Tedroff J.
Pyridoxine effect on synthesis rate of serotonin in the monkey brain
measured with positron emission tomography. J Neural Trans
1995;102:91-7.
151.
Hasbroucq T, Rihet P, Blin O, Possamal CA. Serotonin and human
reaction processing: fluvoxamine can improve reaction time
performance. Neurosci Lett 1997;229(3):204-8.
152.
Hawthorne AB, Daneshmend TK, Hawkey CJ, et al. Treatment of
ulcerative colitis with fish oil supplementation: a prospective
12-month randomised controlled trial. Gut. 1992;33:922–928.
153.
HealthWell, 5-Hydroxytryptophan, HealthWell
154.
Helander A, Wikstrom T and others. Urinary excretion of 5-
hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid and hydroxytryptophol after oral loading
with serotonin. Life Sciences. 1992;50(17):1207-13.
155.
Helland IB, Smith L, Saarem K, et al. Maternal supplementation
with very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation
augments children's IQ at 4 years of age. Pediatrics.
2003;111:E39–E44.
156.
Hernandez AF, Montero MN, Pla A, Villanueva E, et al. Fatal
moclobemide overdose or death caused by serotonin syndrome? J
Forensic Sci. 1995;40(1):128-130.
157.
Heron DS, Shinitzky M, Hershkowitz M, Samuel D. Lipid fluidity
markedly modulates the binding of serotonin to mouse brain membranes.
Proc Natl Acad Sci 1980; 77: 7463-67.
158.
Hibbeln also published another study in May (J
Affect Disord 2002 May;69(1-3):15-29)
that showed that mothers selectively transfer DHA to their fetuses to
support optimal neurological development during pregnancy. If they
don't receive enough they run the risk of developing severe
postpartum depression.
159.
Hibbeln JR, et al. Are disturbances in lipid-protein interactions
by phospholipase-A2 a predisposing factor in affective illness? Biol
Psychiatry 1989;25:945-961.
160.
Hibbeln JR, Salem N Jr. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and
depression: when cholesterol does not satisfy. Am
J Clin Nutr
1995;62(1):1-9.
161.
Hibbeln JR. Fish consumption and major depression. Lancet 1998;
351: 1213.
162.
Hibbeln JR. Seafood consumption, the DHA content of mothers milk
and prevalence rates of postpartum depression: a cross-national,
ecological analysis. J Affect Disord 2002; 69: 15-29.
163.
Hibbeln, Joseph R. and Salem, Norman. Dietary
polyunsaturated fatty acids and depression: when cholesterol does not
satisfy. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 62, July
1995, po. 1-98
164.
Hillbrand M, et al. Investigating the role of lipids in mood,
aggression, and schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv 1997;48:875-876.
165.Hibbeln JR, et al. Do plasma polyunsaturates predict hostility
and depression? World Rev Nutr Diet 1997;82:175-186.
166.Hibbeln JR, et al. Essential fatty acids predict metabolites of
serotonin and dopamine in CSF among healthy controls, early and late
onset alcoholics. Biol Psychiatry 1998;44:235-242.
167.Hibbeln JR, et al. A replication study of violent and non-violent
subjects: CSF metabolites of serotonin and dopamine are predicted by
plasma essential fatty acids. Biol Psychiatry 1998;44:243-249.
168.Holman RT, et al. Deficiency of essential fatty acids and
membrane fluidity during pregnancy and lactation. Proc Natl Acad Sci
1991;88:4835-4839.
169. Hornstra G, et al. Essential
fatty acids in pregnancy and early human development. Eur J Obstet
Gyn Reprod Biol 1995;61:57-62.
170.
Hines Burnham T, et al, eds. Drug Facts and Comparisons 2000.
55th ed. St. Louis, MO: Facts and Comparisons; 2000.
171.
Holt, S. The Antiporosis Plan. 2002; Wellnesspublishing, Newark,
NJ
172.
Holub BJ. Clinical Nutrition: 4. Omega-3 fatty acids in
cardiovascular care. CMAJ 2002; 166: 608-15.
173.
Horrobin DF, et al. Fatty acid levels in the brains of
schizophrenics and normal controls. Biol Psychiatry 1991;30:795-805.
174.
Horrobin DF. A new category of psychotropic drugs: neuroactive
lipids as exemplified by ethyl eicosapentaenoate (E-E). Prog Drug Res
2002;59:171-99.
175.
Horrobin DF. The membrane phospholipid hypothesis as a
biochemical basis for the neurodevelopmental concept of
schizophrenia. Schizophr
Res
1998;30(3):193-208.
176. Horrobin, D. F. and
Bennett, C. N. New gene targets related to schizophrenia and other
psychiatric disorders: enzymes, binding proteins and transport
proteins involved in phospholipid and fatty acid
metabolism.Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids
1999; 60: 141-167.
177.
Horrobin, D. F. and Bennett, C. N. Depression and bipolar
disorder: Relationships to impaired fatty acid and phospholipid
metabolism and to diabetes, cardiovascular disease, immunological
abnormalities, cancer, aging and osteoporosis: Possible candidate
genes.
Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids
1999; 60: 217-234.
178.
Horrobin, D. F., Jenkins, K., Bennett, C. N., and Christie, W.
W.
Eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid: collaboration and
not antagonism is the key to biological understanding. Prostaglandins
Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 2002; 66:83-90.
179.
Hudson CJ, Young LT, Li PP, Warsh JJ. CNS signal transduction in
the pathophysiology and pharmacology of affective disorders and
schizophrenia. Synapse
1993;13(3):278-93.
180.
Hyyppa MT, Jolma T, Liira J, Langvik VA, Kytomaki O. L-tryptophan
treatment and the episodic secretion of pituitary hormones and
cortisol. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1979;4:29-35.
181.
Ishizuka T, Kajita K, Miura A, Ishizawa M, Kanoh Y, Itaya S,
Kimura M, Muto N, Mune T, Morita H, Yasuda K. DHEA improves glucose
uptake via activations of protein kinase C and phosphatidylinositol
3-kinase. Am J Physiol 1999 Jan;276(1 Pt 1):E196-204.
182.
Iso H, Rexrode KM, Stampfer MJ, et al. Intake of fish and omega-3
fatty acids and risk of stroke in women. JAMA. 2001;285:304–312.
183.
Ito H, Kawashima R, Awata S, Ono S, et al. Hypoperfusion in the
limbic system and prefrontal cortex in depression: SPECT with
anatomic standardization technique. J Nucl Med 1996; 37: 410-4.
184.
Ito J, Hosaki Y, Torigoe Y, Sakimoto K. Identification of
substances formed by decomposition of peak E substance in tryptophan.
Food Chem Toxicol. 1992;30(1):71–81.
185.
J. Robertson and T. Monte. Natural Prozac-Learning to Release
Your Body’s Own Anti-Depressants. San Francisco: Harper; 1997.
186.
J. Wurtman. Carbohydrate Craving, Mood Changes and Obesity. J Clin
Psychiatry. 1988; 49: 37-39.
187.
Jacobs MN, Santillo D, Johnston PA, et al. Organochlorine
residues in fish oil dietary supplements: comparison with industrial
grade oils. Chemosphere. 1998;37:1709-1721.
188.
James MJ, Cleland LG. Dietary n-3 fatty acids and therapy for
rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1997;27:85-97.
189.
Janicak PG, et al., Parenteral S-adenosylmethionine in
depression: A literature review and preliminary report.
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 25, 238-241, 1989.
190.
Joffe RT, Sokolov ST. Co-administration of fluoxetine and
sumatriptan: the Canadian experience. Acta Psychiatr Scand.
1997;95(6):551-552.
191.
John H. Juhl, Fibromyalgia and the Serotonin Pathway, Alternative
Medicine Review
192.
Joly P, Lampert A, Thomine E, et al. Develoment of pseudobullous
morphea and scleroderma-like illness during therapy with
L-5-hydroxytryptophan and carbidopa. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991;25(2 pt
1):332–333.
193.
Jouvet M, Albarede JL, Lubin S, Meyrignac C. Noradrenaline and
cerebral aging. Encephale 1991 May-Jun;17(3):187-95.
194. Juhl JH, Fibromyalgia and
the serotonin pathway. Altern Med Rev 1998 Oct;3(5):367-75.
195. K. Dakshinamurti, et al.
Influence of B Vitamins on Binding Properties of Serotonin Receptors
in CNS of Rats. Klin Wochenschr. 1990; 68: 142-45.
196. K. Tornebrandt, et al.
Heart Involvement in Metastatic Carcinoid Disease. Clin Cardiol.
1986; 9 (1).
197. K. Zmilacher, et al.
L-5-Hydroxytryptophan Alone and in Combination with a Peripheral
Decarboxylase Inhibitor in the Treatment of Depression.
Neuropsychobiology. 1988; 20: 28-35.
198.
Kagan BL, et al., Oral S-adenosylmethionine in depression: A
randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry
147, 591-595, 1990.
199.
Kahn RS, Westenberg HG. L-5-hydroxytryptophan in the treatment of
anxiety disorders. J Affect Disord. 1985 Mar-Apr;8(2):197-200.
200.
Kahn RS, Westenberg HG, Verhoeven WM, et al. Effect of a
serotonin precursor and uptake inhibitor in anxiety disorders; a
double-blind comparison of 5-hydroxytryptophan, clomipramine and
placebo. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1987;2:33–45.
201. Kalmijn S, Launer LJ, Ott
A, et al. Dietary fat intake and the risk of incident dementia in the
Rotterdam Study. Ann Neurol
1997;42(5):776-82.
202.
Kaneko M, Kumashiro H, Takahashi Y, Hoshino Y. L-5HTP treatment
and serum 5-HT level after L-5-HTP loading on depressed patients.
Neuropsychobiology 1979;5:232-240.
203.
Katzman MA et al. Central and peripheral chemoreflexes in panic
disorder. Psychiatry Res 2002;113:181-92.
204.
Keck PE Jr, McElroy SL, Freeman MP, et al. Randomized,
placebo-controlled trial of eicosapentaenoic acid in bipolar
depression. Bipolar
Disord
2003;5(suppl 1):58.
204.
Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, et al. Lifetime and 12-month
prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United states.
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994;51:8-19.
205.
Kessing LV, Andersen PK. Does the risk of developing dementia
increase with the number of episodes in patients with depressive
disorder and in patients with bipolar disorder? J Neurol
Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75: 1662-6.
206.
Kimbrell TA, Ketter TA, George MS, Little JT, et al. Regional
cerebral glucose utilization in patients with a range of severities
in unipolar depression. Biol Psychiatry 2002; 51: 237-52.
207.
Klarskov K, Johnson KL, Benson LM, Gleich GJ, Naylor S.
Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome case-associated contaminants in
commercially available 5-hydroxytryptophan. Adv Exp Med Biol.
1999;467:461-468.
208.
Klerman GL, Weissman MM. Increasing rates of depression. JAMA
1989; 261: 2229-35.
209.
Klerman GL. The current age of youthful melancholia. Evidence for
incrase in depression among adolescents and young adults. Br J
Psychiatry 1998; 152: 4-14.
210.
Knekt P, Raitasalo R, Heliovaara M, et al. Elevated lung cancer
risk among persons with depressed mood. Am J Epidemiol
1996;144:1096-103.
211.
Kooy FH. Hyperglycaemia in mental disorders. Brain 1919;
42:214?89.
212.
Kornstein SG, Schneider RK. Clinical features of
treatment-resistant depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001;62 Suppl
16:18-25.
213.
Kramer PD, Listening to Prozac. Viking Press, New York, NY 1993.
214.
Kris-Etherton PM, Harris WS, Appel LJ. Fish consumption, fish
oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease. Arterioscler
Thromb Vasc Biol
2003;23(2):e20-e30.
215.
Kromhout D, Bosschieter EB, De Lezenne Coulander C. The inverse
relation between fish consumption and 20- year mortality from
coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 1985;312:1205–1209.
216. Kroczka
B, Brañski P, Pa³ucha A, Pilc A, Nowak
G:Antidepressant-like properties of zinc in rodent forced swim test.
Brain Res Bull, 2001, 55, 297–300
217. Kroczka B, Ziêba A,
Dudek D, Pilc A, Nowak G: Zinc exhibits an antidepressant-like effect
in the forced swimming test in mice. Pol J Pharmacol, 2002, 52,
403–406
218.
Kromhout D, Feskens EJ, Bowles CH. The protective effect of a
small amount of fish on coronary heart disease mortality in an
elderly population. Int J Epidemiol. 1995;24:340–345.
219.
Kruger MC, Coetzer H, de Winter R, et al. Calcium,
gamma-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation in
senile osteoporosis. Aging (Milano). 1998;10:385–394.
220.
Kyle, D.J., et al. Low serum docosahexaenoic acid is a
significant risk factor for Alzheimer's dementia. Lipids, Vol. 34
(suppl), 1999, p. S245
221.
L. Buydens-Branchey, et al. Age of Alcoholism Onset. II. Relationship
to Susceptibility to Serotonin Precursor Availability. Arch Gen
Psychiatry. 1989; 46: 231-36.
222.
Lands, WE. Biochemistry and physiology of n-3 fatty acids. FASEB J.
1992 May;6(8):2530-6
223.
Laugharne JD, et al. Fatty acids and schizophrenia. Lipids
1996;31(Suppl):S163-S165.
224.
Leaf A, Jorgensen MB, Jacobs AK, et al. Do fish oils prevent
restenosis after coronary angioplasty? Circulation.
1994;90:2248–2257.
225.
Lee TH, Arm JP. Prospects for modifying the allergic response by
fish oil diets. Clin Allergy. 1986;16:89–100.
226.
Leigh-Firbank EC, Minihane AM, Minihane AM, et al.
Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid from fish oils:
differential associations with lipid responses. Br J Nutr.
2002;87:435-445.
227.
Leonard BE. Serotonin receptors and their function in sleep,
anxiety disorders and depression. [Review] Psychotherapy and
psychosomatics. 1996;65(2):66-75.
228.
Levine, Barbara S. Most frequently asked questions about DHA.
Nutrition Today, Vol. 32, November/December 1997, pp. 248-49
229.
Lewis CE. Timed excretion of 5-hydroxy-indoleactic acid after
oral administration of bananas and 5-hydroxytrptamine. Proc Soc Exp
Biol Med. 1958;99:523-5.
230.
Lieb J, Karmali R, Horrobin D. Elevated levels of prostaglandin
E2 and thromboxane B2 in depression. Prostaglandins Leukot Med 1983;
10: 361-7.
231.
Lin EHB, Katon W, Von Korff M, Tang L, Williams JW Jr, Kroenke K,
et al., for the IMPACT Investigators. Effect of improving depression
care on pain and functional outcomes among older adults with
arthritis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;290(18):2428-34.
232.
Linde K, et al, St John's wort for depression -- an overview and
meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. British Medical Journal
313(7052), 253-258,1996.
233.
Livingston MG and Livingston HM. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors. An
update on drug interactions. [Review] Drug Safety. 1996;14(4):219-27.
234.
Llorente AM, Jensen CL, Voigt RG, et al. Effect of maternal
docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on postpartum depression and
information processing. Am
J Obstet Gynecol
2003;188(5):1348-53.
235.
Loeschke K, Ueberschaer B, Pietsch A, et al.n-3 fatty acids only
delay early relapse of ulcerative colitis in remission. Dig Dis Sci.
1996;41:2087–2094.
236.
Logan AC. Neurobehavioral aspects of omega-3 fatty acids:possible
mechanisms and therapeutic value in major depression. Altern Med Rev
2003;8:410-425.
237.
Longo G, Rudoi I, Iannuccelli M, et al. Treatment of essential
headache in developmental age with L-5-HTP (cross over double-blind
study versus placebo) [in Italian; English abstract]. Pediatr Med
Chir. 1984;6:241–246.
238.
Lopez-Ibor Alino JJ, Ayuso Guiterrez JL, Montejo Iglesias ML.
5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and a MAOI (Nialamide) in the treat of
depressions. Int Pharmacopsychiat 1976;11:8-15.
239.
Lorenz R, Weber PC, Szimnau P, et al. Supplementation with n-3
fatty acids from fish oil in chronic inflammatory bowel disease—a
randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over trial. J
Intern Med Suppl. 1989;225:225–232.
240.
Lorenz-Meyer H, Bauer P, Nicolay C, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids
and low carbohydrate diet for maintenance of remission in Crohn's
disease. A randomized controlled multicenter trial. Study Group
Members (German Crohn's Disease Study Group). Scand J
Gastroenterol.1996;31:778–785.
241.
Lundbaek JA, Andersen OS. Lysophospholipids modulate channel
function by altering the mechanical properties of lipid bilayers.
J
Gen Physiol
1994;104(4):645-73.
242.
Lungershausen YK, Abbey M, Nestel PJ, et al. Reduction of blood
pressure and plasma triglycerides by omega-3 fatty acids in treated
hypertensives. J Hypertens. 1994;12:1041–1045.
243.
M. Jacobsen, et al. Cardiac Manifestations in Mid-gut Carcinoid
Disease. Eur Heart J. 1995; 16: 263-68.
244.
M. Werbach. Nutritional Influences on Illness, 2nd ed.
‘Atherosclerosis,’ 57-102. Tarzana, CA: Third Line Press;
1996.
245.
Maes M, Christophe A, Delanghe J, Altamura C, Neels H, Meltzer
HY. Lowered n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the serum
phospholipids and cholesterol esters of depressed patients.
Psychiatry Res 1999; 85: 275-291.
246.
Maes M, Christophe A, Delanghe J, et al. Lowered omega-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum phospholipids and cholesterol
esters of depressed patients. Psychiatry
Res
1999;85(3):275-91.
247.
Maes M, et al. Fatty acid composition in major depression:
Decreased omega-3 fractions in cholesteryl esters and increased C20:4
omega 6/C20:5 omega 3 ratio in cholesteryl esters and phospholipids.
J Affect Disord 1996;38:35-46.
248.
Maes M, Smith R, Christophe A, Cosyns P, Desnyder R, Meltzer H;
Fatty acid composition in major depression: decreased omega 3
fractions in cholesterol esters and increased C20: 4 omega 6/C20:5
omega 3 ratio in cholesterol esters and phospholipids., J Affect
Disord o Volume 38 o Issue 1.
249.
Maes M, Smith RS. Fatty acids, cytokines, and major depression.
Biol Psychiatry 1998;43:313-14.
250.
Maes M, D’Haese PC, Scharpe S, D’Hondt PD, Cosyns P,
De Broe ME: Hypozincemia in depression J AffectDisord, 1994, 31,
135–140
251.
Maggioni M, Picotti GB, Bondiolotti GP, Panerai A, Cenacchi T,
Nobile P, Brambilla F. Effects of phosphatidylserine therapy in
geriatric patients with depressive disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand
1990; 81: 265-70.
252.
Magnussen I, Nielson-Kudsk F. Bioavailability and related
pharmacokinetics in man of orally administered L-5-hydroxytryptophan
in steady state. Acta Pharmacol et Toxicol.
253.
Mahadik SP, Evans DR. Essential fatty acids in the treatment of
schizophrenia. Drugs Tod Mahadik SP, Mukherjee S. Free radical
pathology and antioxidant defense in schizophrenia: A review.
Schizophr Res 1996;19:1-17.
254. Mukerjee S, et al.
Impaired antioxidant defense at the onset of psychosis. Schizophr Res
1996;19:19-26.
255. Mahadik SP, et al. Elevated plasma
lipid peroxides at the onset of nonaffective psychosis. Biol
Psychiatry 1998;43:674-679.ay 1997;33:5-17.
256.
Mahadik SP, Scheffer RE. Oxidative injury and potential use of
antioxidants in schizophrenia. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty
Acids 1996;55: 45-54.
257.
Maissen CP, Ludin HP. Comparison of the effect of
5-hydroxytryptophan and propranolol in the interval treatment of
migraine [translated from German]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr.
1991;121:1585–1590.
258.
Maksimov SV, Demchenko SV. Concentration of 17-ketosteroids
(17-KS) and their fractions in the urine of males of different age
with diabetes mellitus. Probl Endokrinol (Mosk) 1970
Nov-Dec;16(6):21-7.
259.
Mamalakis G, Tornaritis M, Kafatos A. Depression and adipose
essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent
Fatty Acids 2002; 67: 311-18.
260.
Mangoni AA, Sherwood RA, Swift CG, et al. Folic acid enhances
endothelial function and reduces blood pressure in smokers: a
randomized controlled trial. J Intern Med. 2002;252:497–503.
261.
Manku, M.S. and Horrobin, D.F.Phospholipids and fatty acid
metabolism in schizophrenia and depressionNutrition and Biochemistry
of Phospholipids.
Szuhaj, B.F. and van Nieuwenhuyzen, W. (Eds.),
AOCS Press, Illinois 2003: 40-9.
262.
Marangell LB, Martinez JM, Zboyan HA, et al. A double-blind,
placebo-controlled study of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic
acid in the treatment of major depression. Am
J Psychiatry
2003;160(5):996-8.
263.
Marchioli R, Barzi F, Bomba E, Chieffo C, et al. Early protection
against sudden death by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids after
myocardial infarction: time course analysis of the results of the
Gruppo Italiano per lo studio della sopravvivenza nell’infarto
myocardio (GISSI) -- prevenzione. Circulation 2002; 105: 1897-903.
264.
Maron E, Toru I, Vasar V, Shlik J. The effect of
5-hydroxytryptophan on cholecystokinin-4-induced panic attacks in
healthy volunteers. J Psychopharmacol 2004;18(2):194-9. Shaw K,
Turner J, Del Mar C. Tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan for
depression (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 4,
2001. Oxford: Update Software.
265.
Martin RW, Duffy J, Engel AG, et al. The clinical spectrum of the
eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome associated with L-tryptophan ingestion.
Clinical features in 20 patients and aspects of pathophysiology. Ann
Intern Med. 1990;113:124–134.
266. Martin TG. Serotonin syndrome. Ann Emerg Med. 1996;28:520–526.
267.
Mason BJ, Blackburn KH. Possible serotonin syndrome associated with
tramadol and sertraline coadministration. Ann Pharmacother.
1997;31(2):175-177.
268.
Matrenza C, Hughes J-M, Kemp AH, Wesnes KA, Harrison BJ, Nathan
PJ. Simultaneous depletion of serotonin and catecholamines impairs
sustained attention in healthy female subjects without affecting
learning and memory. J Psychopharmacol 2004;18(1):21-31.
269.
Matussek N, Angst J, Benkert O, et al. The effect of
L-5-hydroxytryptophan alone and in combination with a decarboxylase
inhibitor (Ro-4-4602) in depressive patients. Adv Biochem
Psychopharmacol 1974;11:399-404.
270.
Maurizi CP, “The therapeutic potential for tryptophan and
melatonin” Med Hypoth 1990; 31:233-42.
271.
Mayeno AN, Lin F, Foote CS, et al. Characterization of “peak
E,” a novel amino acid associated with eosinophilia-myalgia
syndrome. Science. 1990;250:1707–8.
272.
McCowan PK, Quastel JH. Blood-sugar studies in abnormal mental
states. J Ment Sci 1931; 77:525-48.
273.
McGrath-Hanna NK, Greene DM, Tavernier RJ, Bult-Ito A. Diet and
mental health status in the Arctic: is diet an important risk factor
for mental health in circumpolar peoples? Int J Circumpolar Health
2003;62:228-41.
274.
McKinney B and Crawford MA. Fibrosis in guinea pig hearts
produced by plantain diet. Lancet. 1965;2(7418):880-2.
275.
McKinney B. Studies on the experimental production of
endomyocardial fibrosis and cardiomegaly of unknown origin by dietary
means. American Heart Journal. 1975;90(2):206-14.
276. McLoughlin IJ, Hodge SJ:
Zinc in depressive disorder.Acta Psychiatr Scand, 1990, 82,
451–453Nowak G, Szewczyk B: Mechanism contributing to
anti-depressant zinc actions. Pol J Pharmacol, 2002, 54
277. McNeely
W, Goa KL. Sibutramine. A review of its contribution to the
management of obesity. Drugs 1998 Dec;56(6):1093-124.,
587–592.
278.
MedQuest, 5-HTP The Natural Antidepressant, Medical Horizons
279.
Mellor JE, Laugharne JD, Peet M. Schizophrenic symptoms and
dietary intake of n-3 fatty acids. Schizophr
Res
1995;18(1):85-6.
280.
Mendlewicz J, Youdim MB. Antidepressant potentiation of
5-hydroxytryptophan by L-depre-nil in affective illness. J Affect
Disord 1980;2:137-146.
281.
Menkes DB, Coates DC and Fawcett JP. Acute tryptophan depletion
aggravates premenstrual syndrome. Journal of Affective Disorders.
1994;32(1):37-44.
282.
Meyers S. Use of neurotransmitter precursors for treatment of
depression. Alt Med Rev 2000;5(1):64-71.
283.
Middleton SJ, Naylor S, Woolner J, et al. A double-blind,
randomized, placebo-controlled trial of essential fatty acid
supplementation in the maintenance of remission of ulcerative
colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002;16:1131-1135.
284.
Miller HEJ, Deakin JFW, Anderson IM. Effect of acute tryptophan
depletion on CO2-induced anxiety in patients with panic disorder and
normal volunteers. Brit J Psychiatry 2000;176:182-8.
285.
Mitchell DC, et al. Why is docosahexaenoic acid essential for
nervous system function? Biochem Soc Trans 1998;26:365-370.
286.Muldoon MF, et al. Lowering cholesterol concentrations and
mortality: A quantitative review of primary prevention trials. BMJ
1990;301:309-314.
287.
Mitchell EA, Aman MG, Turbott SH, Manku M. Clinical
characteristics and serum essential fatty acid levels in hyperactive
children. Clin
Pediatr
1987;26(8):406-11.
288.
Mongeau R, Blier P, de Montigny C. The serotonergic and
noradrenergic systems of the hippocampus: their interactions and the
effects of antidepressant treatments. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 1997
Apr;23(3):145-95.
289.
Montori VM, Farmer A, Wollan PC, et al. Fish oil supplementation
in type 2 diabetes: a quantitative systematic review. Diabetes Care.
2000;23:1407–1415.
290.
Mori TA, Bao DQ, Burke V, et al. Docosahexaenoic acid but not
eicosapentaenoic acid lowers ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate
in humans. Hypertension. 1999;34:253–260.
291.
Mori TA, Burke V, Puddey IB, et al. Purified eicosapentaenoic and
docosahexaenoic acids have differential effects on serum lipids and
lipoproteins, LDL particle size, glucose, and insulin in mildly
hyperlipidemic men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71:1085-1094.
292.
Morris MC, Evans DA, Bienias JL, et al. Consumption of fish and
n-3 fatty acids and risk of incident Alzheimer disease. Arch
Neurol
2003;60(7):940-6.
293.
Murphy FC, Smith KA, Cowen PJ, et al. The effects of tryptophan
depletion on cognitive and affective processing in healthy
volunteers. Psychopharmacol 2002;163:42-53.
294.
Murray MT, Pizzorno JE. Bromelain. In: Pizzorno JE, Murray MT, eds.
Textbook of Natural Medicine. Vol 1. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill
Livingstone; 1999:783-794.
295. Murray
CJL, Lopez AD: Global mortality, disability and the
contribution of risk factors: global burden of diseasestudy. Lancet, 1997, 349, 1436–1442.
296.
Murck H, Song C, Horrobin DF, Uhr M.Ethyl-eicosapentaenoate and
dexamethasone resistance in therapy-refractory depression.
International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 7 341-9.
297.
Murray MT, Pizzorno JE. Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine. Prima
Publishing; 1998.
298.
Murray MT. 5-HTP, The Natural Way to Overcome Depression,
Obesity, and Insomnia. Bantam Books, New York, 1998.
299.
Murray, Michael, ND, Pizzorno, Joseph, ND, Encyclopedia of
Natural Medicine, second ed. Prima Publishing, Rocklin. 1998.
300.
Nagakura T, Matsuda S, Shichijyo K, et al. Dietary
supplementation with fish oil rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty
acids in children with bronchial asthma. Eur Respir J.
2000;16:861–865.
301.
Nakajima T, Kudo Y, Kaneko Z.
Clinical evaluation of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan as an antidepressant
drug.
302.
Naliwaiko K, Araujo RL, da Fonseca RV, Castilho JC, Andreatini R,
Bellissimo MI, Oliveira BH, Martins EF, Curi R, Fernandes LC, Ferraz
AC. Effects of fish oil on the central nervous system: a new
potential antidepressant?. Nutr Neurosci, 2004 Apr; 7(2): 91-9.
303.
Nardini, M., R. De Stefano, M. Iannuccelli, R. Borghesi and N.
Battistini (1983). "Treatment of depression with
L-5-hydroxytryptophan combined with chlorimipramine, a double-blind
study." Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 3(4): 239-50.
304.
Narrow WE. One year prevlance of depressive disorders among 18
and over in the U.S.: NIMH ECA prospective data. Population estimates
based on U.S. Census estimated residential population age 18 and
older on July 1, 1998. Unpublished.
305.
Nathan PJ, Sitram G, Stough C, et al. Serotonin, noradrenaline
and cognitive function: a preliminary investigation of the acute
pharmacodynamic effects of a serotonin versus a serotonin and
noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor. Behav Pharmacol
2000;11(7-8):639-42.
306.
National Advisory Mental Health Council. Healthcare reform for
Americans with severe mental illnesses. American Journal of
Psychiatry. 1993; 150(10): 1447-65
307.
Neaton JD, et al. Serum cholesterol level and mortality findings
for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial.
Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Arch Intern
Med 1992;152:1490-1500.
308.
Nemets B, Stahl Z, Belmaker RH. Addition of omega-3 fatty acid to
maintenance medication treatment for recurrent unipolar depressive
disorder. Am
J Psychiatry
2002;159(3):477-9.
309.
Nenseter MS, Osterud B, Larsen T, et al. Effect of Norwegian fish
powder on risk factors for coronary heart disease among
hypercholesterolemic individuals. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis.
2000;10:323–330.
310.
Nenseter MS, Osterud B, Larsen T, et al. Effect of Norwegian fish
powder on risk factors for coronary heart disease among
hypercholesterolemic individuals. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis.
2000;10:323–330.
311.
Nicolodi M, et. al., Fibromyalgia and migraine, two faces of the
same mechanism, Adv Exp Med Biol. 1996;398:373-379.
312.
Nightingale S, Woo E, Smith AD, et al. Red blood cell and adipose
tissue fatty acids in mild inactive multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol
Scand. 1990;82:43–50.
313.
Nilsen DW, Albrektsen G, Landmark K, et al. Effects of a
high-dose concentrate of n-3 fatty acids or corn oil introduced early
after an acute myocardial infarction on serum triacylglycerol and HDL
cholesterol. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;74:50–56.
314.
Nishino S, Ueno R, Ohishi K, Sakai T, Hayaishi O. Salivary
prostaglandin concentrations: possible state indicators for major
depression. Am J Psychiatry 1989; 146: 365-8.
315.
Nisijima K, Shimizu M, Abe T, Ishijuro T. A case of serotonin
syndrome induced by concomitant treatment with low-dose trazodone and
amitriptyline and lithium. Int Clin Psychopharmacol.
1996;11(4):289-290.
316.
Noaghiul S, Hibbeln JR. Cross-national comparisons of seafood
consumption and rates of bipolar disorders. Am J Psychiatry, 2003
Dec;160(12):2222-7.
317.
Norrish AE, Skeaff CM, Arribas GLB, et al. Prostate cancer risk
and consumption of fish oils: a dietary biomarker-based case-control
study. Br J Cancer. 1999;81:1238–1242.
318. Nowak
G, Szewczyk B, Wieroñska JM, Brañski P, Pa³ucha A,
Pilc A, Sadlik K, Piekoszewski W:Antidepressant-like effects of acute
and chronic treatment with zinc in forced swim test and
olfactory bulbec-tomy model in rats. Brain Res Bull, 2003, 61,
159–164.
319.
Ohishi K, Ueno R, Nishino S, Sakai T, Hayaishi O. Increased level
of salivary prostaglandins in patients with major depression. Biol
Psychiatry 1988; 23: 326-34.
320.
Olsen SF, Sorensen JD, Secher NJ, et al. Randomised controlled
trial of effect of fish-oil supplementation on pregnancy duration.
Lancet. 1992;339:1003–1007.
321.
Otto SJ, et al. Maternal and neonatal essential fatty acid status
in phospholipids: An international comparative study. Eur J Clin Nutr
1997;51:232-242.
322.
Ornstein R, Thompson R, The Amazing Brain. 1984; Houghton Mifflin
Company, Boston, MA
333.
Ouichou A, Zitouni M and others. Delta-sleep-inducing peptide
stimulates melatonin, 5-methoxytryptophol and serotonin secretion
from perifused rat pineal glands. Biol Signals. 1992;1(2):65-77.
334.
Oxman TE, Barrett JE, Barrett J, Gerber P. Symptomatology of
late-life minor depression among primary care patients.
Psychosomatics 1990;31:174-80.
335.
P. Hartvig et al. Pyridoxine Effect on Synthesis Rate of Serotonin in
the Monkey Brain Measured with Positron Emission Tomography. J Neural
Trans. 1995; 102: 91-7.
336.
P. Turlapaty and B. Altura. Magnesium Deficiency Produces Spasms
of Coronary Arteries: Relationship to Etiology of Sudden Death
Ischemic Heart Disease. Science. 1980; 208: 198-200.
337.Panic disorder treatment and referral. National Institute of
Mental Health, 1994. Pub. No. 94-3642.
www.nimh.nih.gov/anxiety/pdtr.cfm.
338.
Passi S, Cataudella S, Di Marco P, et al. Fatty acid composition
and antioxidant levels in muscle tissue of different Mediterranean
marine species of fish and shellfish. J
Agric Food Chem
2002; 50(25):7314-22.
339.
Paul Barney, Doctor's Guide to Natural Medicine, Woodland
Publishing, 1998; p. 228, 270.
340.
Peet M, Brind J, Ramchand CN, et al. Two double-blind
placebo-controlled pilot studies of eicosapentaenoic acid in the
treatment of schizophrenia. Schizophr
Res
2001;49(3):243-51.
341.
Peet M, et al. Depleted red cell membrane essential fatty acids
in drug-treated schizophrenic patients. J Psychiatr Res
1995;29:227-232.
342.
Peet M, Horrobin DF, E-E Multicentre Study Group. A dose-ranging
exploratory study of the effects of ethyl-eicosapentaenoate in
patients with persistent schizophrenic symptoms. J
Psychiatr Res
2002;36(1):7-18.
343.
Peet M, Horrobin DF, E-E Multicentre Study Group. A dose-ranging
study of the effects of ethyl eicosapentaenoate in patients with
ongoing depression in spite of apparently adequate treatment with
standard drugs.Archives of General Psychiatry 2002, 59 913-9.
345.
Peet M, Murphy B, Shay J, Horrobin D. Depletion of omega-3 fatty
acid levels in red blood cell membranes of depressive patients. Biol
Psychiatry 1998; 43: 315-19.
346.
Perry NK. Venlafaxine-induced serotonin syndrome with relapse
following amitripyline. Postgrad Med J. 2000;76(894):254.
347.
Physician's Desk Reference. 49th ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical
Economics Data Production Company; 1995.
348.
Picado C, Castillo JA, Schinca N, et al. Effects of a fish oil
enriched diet on aspirin intolerant asthmatic patients: a pilot
study. Thorax. 1988;43:93–97.
349.
Pichard C, Sudre P, Karsegard V, et al. A randomized double-blind
controlled study of 6 months of oral nutritional supplementation with
arginine and omega-3 fatty acids in HIV-infected patients. Swiss HIV
Cohort Study. AIDS. 1998;12:53–63.
350.
Pierpaoli W and Regelson W. Pineal control of aging: effect of
melatonin and pineal grafting on aging mice. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA.
1994;91:787-91.
351.
Poeldinger W et al “Functional dimensional approach to
depression” Psychopathology 1991; 24:53-81.
352.
Poldinger W, Calanchini B and Schwarz W. A functional-dimensional
approach to depression: serotonin deficiency as a target syndrome in
a comparison of 5-hydroxytryptophan and fluvoxamine. Psychopathology.
1991;24(2):53-81.
353.
Pradalier A, Bakouche P, Baudesson G, et al. Failure of omega-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids in prevention of migraine: a double-blind
study versus placebo. Cephalalgia. 2001;21:818-822.
355.
Puri B. K., Counsell S. J., Richardson A. J., Horrobin D. F.
Eicosapentaenoic acid in treatment-resistant depression. Archives of
General Psychiatry 2002; 59 91-92.
356.
Puri BK, Counsell SJ, Hamilton G, Richardson AJ, Horrobin DF.
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in treatment-resistant depression
associated with symptom remission, structural brain changes and
reduced neuronal phospholipid turnover. International Journal of
Clinical Practice 2001; 55 560-3.
357.
Puttini PS, Caruso I. Primary fibromyalgia and
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan: a 90-day open study. J Int Med Res.
1992;20:182–189.
358.
R. Arora and R. Warner. Do Indole Markers Predict Carcinoid Heart
Disease? Chest. 1986; 90: 87-9.
359.
R. Kahn and H. Westenberg. L-5-Hydroxytryptophan in the Treatment
of Anxiety Disorders. J Affect Disord, 1985; 8: 197-200.
360.
Radack K, Deck C, Huster G. The effects of low doses of n-3 fatty
acid supplementation on blood pressure in hypertensive subjects. A
randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 1991;151:1173–1180.
361.
Rambjor GS, Walen AI, Windsor SL Eicosapentaenoic acid is
primarily responsible for hypotriglyceridemic effect of fish oil in
humans. Lipids. 1996;31 Suppl:S45-49.
362.
Ratnavel RC, Burrows NP and Pye RJ. Scleroderma and the carcinoid
syndrome. Clin Exp Derm. 1994;19(1):83-5.
363.
Reeves RR, Bullen JA. Serotonin syndrome produced by paroxetine and
low-dose trazodone. Psychosom. 1995 Mar-Apr;36(2):159-160.
364. Reibring L, Agren H, Hartvig P, et al. Uptake and utilization of
[beta-11c] 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in human brain studied by
positron emission tomography. Pyschiatry Research. 1992;45:215–225.
365.
Ribeiro CAF. L-5-Hydroxytryptophan in the prophylaxis of chronic
tension-type headache: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled
study. Headache. 2000;40:451-456.
366.
Richardson AJ, Puri BK. A randomized double-blind,
placebo-controlled study of the effects of supplementation with
highly unsaturated fatty acids on ADHD-related symptoms in children
with specific learning difficulties. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol
Psychiatry. 2002;26:233–239.
367.
Richardson, A.J., et al. Red cell and plasma fatty acid changes
accompanying symptom remission in a patient with schizophrenia
treated with eicosapentaenoic acid. European Neuropsychopharmacology,
Vol. 10, 2000, pp. 189-93
368.
Ringer TV, Hughes GS, Spillers CR, et al. Fish oil blunts the
pain response to cold pressor testing in normal males [abstract]. J
Am Coll Nutr. 1989;8:435.
369.
Risch S and Nemeroff CB. Neurochemical alterations of
serotonergic neuronal systems in depression. J Clin Psychiatry.
1992;53 Suppl:3-7.
370.
Robertson J, Monte T. Natural Prozac, San Francisco, Harper 1997.
371.
Roger J. Cadieux, Practical Management of Treatment-Resistant
Depression, American Family Physician December 1998
372.
Rotrosen J, Wolkin A. Phospholipid and prostaglandin hypothesis
of schizophrenia. In: Psychopharmacology: The Third Generation of
Progress. Meltzer HY, ed. New York: Raven Press; 1987:759-764.
373.
Rudin DO. The major psychoses and neuroses as omega-3 essential
fatty acid deficiency syndrome: substrate pellagra. Biol Psychiatry
1981; 16: 837-850.
374. Rosa
AO, Lin J, Calixto JB, Santos AR, Rodrigues AL: Involvement of NMDA
receptors and L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in the
antidepressant-like effects of zinc in mice. Behav
Brain Res, 2003, 144, 87–93.
375.
Rousseau, J. J. (1987). "Effects of a
levo-5-hydroxytryptophan-dihydroergocristine combination on
depression and neuropsychic performance: a double-blind placebo-
controlled clinical trial in elderly patients." Clin Ther 9(3):
267-72.
376.
Rudra PK, Krokan HE. Cell-specific enhancement of doxorubicin
toxicity in human tumour cells by docosahexaenoic acid. Anticancer
Res. 2001;21(1A):29-38.
377.
Ryan ND, Birmaher B. and others, Neuroendocrine response to
L-5-hydroxytryptophan challenge in prepubertal major depression. Arch
Gen Psych. 1992;49(11):843-51.
378.
S Takahashi, et al. Effect of L-5-Hydroxytryptophan on Brain
Monoamine Metabolism and Evaluation of Its Clinical Effect in
Depressed Patients. Psychiat Res 1975; 12: 177-87.
379.
S. Risch and C. Nemeroff. Neurochemical Alterations of Serotonergic
Neuronal Systems in Depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 1992; 53: 3-7.
380.
Sacks FM, Stone PH, Gibson CM, et al. Controlled trial of fish
oil for regression of human coronary atherosclerosis. HARP Research
Group. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;25:1492–1498.
381.
Sampalis F, Bunea R, Pelland MF, et al. Evaluation of the effects
of Neptune krill oil on the management of premenstrual syndrome and
dysmenorrheal. Altern Med Rev 2003;8:171-79.
382.
Sandyk R “L-Tryptophan in neuro psychiatric disorders, a
review” Int J Neuroscience 1992 67:124-144.
383.
Sano I.
Actas Luso Esp Neurol Psiquiatr 1973 Jan-Feb;1(1):223-31. PMID:
4541701
Psychopharmacologic treatment with (L-5-HTP), L-5 hydroxytryptophan
in endogenous depressions
384.
Sano I. L-5-hydroxytryptophan-(L-5-HTP) therapy. Folia Psychiatr
Neurol Jpn 1972;26:7-17.
385.
Santucci M, Cortelli P, Rossi PG, et al. L-5-Hydroxytryptophan
versus placebo in childhood migraine prophylaxis: a double-blind
crossover study. Cephalalgia. 1986;6:155–157.
386.
Scevola D, Oberto L, Faggi A, et al. Fish oil in the treatment of
wasting syndrome. Int Conf AIDS. 1996;11:122.
387.
Schmitz PG, McCloud LK, Reikes ST, et al. Prophylaxis of
hemodialysis graft thrombosis with fish oil: double-blind,
randomized, prospective trial. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13:184-190.
388.
Schruers K, van Diest R, Overbeek T, Griez E. Acute
L-5-hydroxytryptophan administration inhibits carbon dioxide-induced
panic in panic disorder patients. Psychiatry Res 2002;113:237-43.
389.
Schulyer L, Gaby A, Austin S, Brown, D, Wright J, Duncan A, The
Natural Pharmacy. 1999; Three Rivers Press, New York, NY
390.
Sellmayer A, Witzgall H, Lorenz RL, et al. Effects of dietary
fish oil on ventricular premature complexes. Am J Cardiol.
1995;76:974–977.
391.
Severus, W. Emanuel, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids: the missing
link? Archives of General Psychiatry, Vol. 56, April 1999, pp. 380-81
(letter to the editor)
392.
Sezi CL. Effects of protein deficient cassava diet on
Cercopithecus aethiops hearts and its possible role in the aetiology
and pathogenesis of endomyocardial fibrosis in man. East African Med
J. 1996;73(5Suppl):S11-16.
393.
Shaw K, Turner J, Del Mar C. Tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan
for depression (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 4,
2001. Oxford: Update Software.
394.
Shea-Moore MM, Thomas DP and Mench JA. Decreases in aggression in
tryptophan-supplemented broiler breeder males are not due to
increases in blood niacin levels. Poultry Science. 1996;75(3):370-4.
395.
Shekelle RB, Missell LV, Paul O, et al. Fish consumption and
mortality from coronary heart disease [letter]. N Engl J Med.
1985;313:820–821.
396.
Shekelle RB, Shryock AM, Paul O, et al. Diet, serum cholesterol,
and death from coronary heart disease. The Western Electric Study. N
Engl J Med. 1981;304:65–70.
397.
Shibata H, Perusse F, Bukowiecki LJ. The role of insulin in
nonshivering thermogenesis. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1987
Feb;65(2):152-8.
398. Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and
Disease. 9th ed. Media, Pa: Williams & Wilkins; 1999.
399.
Shimizu E, Hashimoto K, Okamura N, et al. Alterations of serum levels
of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in depressed patients
with or without antidepressants. Biol Psychiatry 2003;54:70-75.
400.
Silvers KM, Scott KM. Fish consumption and self reported physical
and mental health status. Public Health Nutr 2002; 5: 427-31.
401.
Simopoulos AP, Leaf A, Salem N. Workshop on the essentiality of
and recommended dietary intakes for omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids.
J Am Coll Nutr 1999; 18: 487-9.
402.
Simopoulos AP. Evolutionary aspects of diet and essential fatty
acids. World Rev Nutr Diet 2001; 88: 18-27.
403.
Simopoulos AP. Overview of the evolutionary aspects of n-3 fatty
acids in the diet. World Rev Nutr Diet 1998; 83: 1-11.
404.
Singer P, Jaeger W, Wirth M, et al. Lipid and blood
pressure-lowering effect of mackerel diet in man. Atherosclerosis.
1983;49:99–108.
405.
Singer P, Melzer S, Goschel M, et al. Fish oil amplifies the
effect of propranolol in mild essential hypertension. Hypertension.
1990;16:682–691.
406.
Singh RB, Niaz MA, Sharma JP, et al. Randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled trial of fish oil and mustard oil in patients with
suspected acute myocardial infarction: the Indian experiment of
infarct survival--4. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1997;11:485-491.
407.
Siow YL, Dakshinamurti K. Effect of pyridoxine deficiency on
aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase in adult rat brain. Exp Brain Res
1985;59: 575-81.
408.
Siscovick DS, Raghunathan TE, King I, et al. Dietary intake and
cell membrane levels of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
and the risk of primary cardiac arrest. JAMA. 1995;274:1363–1367.
409.
Smuts CM, Huang M, Mundy D, et al. Plasse T, Major S, Carlson SE.
A randomized trial of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation during the
third trimester of pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;101:469–479.
410.
Smythe, G.A., and Lazarus, L. Growth hormone regulation by
melatonin and serotonin. Nature 1973;244:230-231.
411.
Song, C., Li, X., Kang, Z., Kadotomi, Y. Omega-3 Fatty Acid
Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoate Attenuates IL-1beta-Induced Changes in
Dopamine and Metabolites in Shell of the Nucleus Accumbens: Involved
with PLA2 Activity and Corticosterone Secretion.
412. Song, C., Phillips, A. G.,
Leonard, B. E., and Horrobin, D. F. Ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid
ingestion prevents corticosterone-mediated memory impairment induced
by central administration of interleukin-1beta in rats. Molecular
Psychiatry 2003; 9: 630-638.
413.
Song, C., Li, X. W., Leonard, B. E., and Horrobin, D. F. Effects
of dietary n-3 or n-6 fatty acids on interleukin-1beta-induced
anxiety, stress, and inflammatory responses in rats. Journal of Lipid
Research 2003; 44: 1984-1991.
414.
Soyland E, Funk J, Rajka G, et al. Effect of dietary
supplementation with very-long-chain n–3 fatty acids in
patients with psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1812–1816.
415.
Sperling RI, Benincaso AI, Knoell CT, et al. Dietary omega-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit phosphoinositide formation and
chemotaxis in neutrophils. J
Clin Invest
1993;91(2):651-60.
416.
Spiller HA, Gorman SE, Villalobos D, et al. Prospective multicenter
evaluation of tramadol exposure. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol.
1997;35(4):361-364.
417.
Stachow A and others. 5-Hydroxytryptamine and tryptamine pathways
in scleroderma. Brit J Derm. 1977;97:147-154.
418.
Stenius-Aarniala B, Aro A, Hakulinen A, et al. Evening primrose
oil and fish oil are ineffective as supplementary treatment of
bronchial asthma. Ann Allergy.1989;62:534–547.
419.
Stenson WF, Cort D, Rodgers J, et al. Dietary supplementation
with fish oil in ulcerative colitis. Ann Intern Med.
1992;116:609–614.
420.
Sternberg EM, Van Woert MH, Young SN, et al. Development of a
scleroderma-like illness during therapy with L-5-hydroxytryptophan
and carbidopa. New Eng J Med. 1980;303:782-787.
421.
Steven Meyers, Use of Neurotransmitter Precursors for Treatment
of Depression, Alternative Medicine Review
422.
Stevens LJ, Zentall SS, Abate ML, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids in
boys with behavior, learning, and health problems. Physiol
Behav
1996;59(4-5):915-20.
423.
Stevens LJ, Zentall SS, Deck JL, et al. Essential fatty acid
metabolism in boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am
J Clin Nutr
1995;62(4):761-8.
424.
Stokes PE. The potential role of excessive cortisol induced by
HPA hyperfunction in the pathogenesis of depression. [Review].
European Neuropsychopharmacology. 1995;5 Suppl.:77-82.
425.
Stoll AL, et al.Omega-3 fatty acids and bipolar disorders: a
review. Prostaglandin, Leucotriens and Ess Fatty Acids. 1999;
60:329-337.
426.
Stoll AL, Locke CA, Marangell LB, Severus WE. Omega-3 fatty acids
and bipolar disorder: a review. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty
Acids 1999; 60: 329-37.
427.
Stoll AL, Severus E, Freeman MP, Rueter S, et al. Omega-3 fatty
acids in bipolar disorder. A preliminary double-blind,
placebo-controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999; 56: 407-12.
428.
Stoll AL, Severus WE. Mood stabilizers: shared mechanisms of
action at postsynaptic signal transduction and kindling processes.Harv
Rev Psychiatry
1996;4(2):77-89.
429.
Stoll, Andrew L., et al. Omega 3 fatty acids in bipolar disorder.
Archives of General Psychiatry, Vol. 56, May 1999, pp. 407-12 and pp.
415-16 (commentary) Calabrese, Joseph R., et al. Fish oils and
bipolar disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, Vol. 56, May 1999,
pp. 413-14 (commentary)
430.
Stoll, Andrew L., The Omega-3 Connection. 2001; First Fireside
Edition,, New York, NY
431.
Su K-P, Huang S-Y, Chiu C-C, Shen WW. Omega-3 fatty acids in
major depressive disorder: a preliminary double-blind,
placebo-controlled trial. Eur
Neuropsychopharmacol
2003;13(4):267-71.
432.
T. Li Kam Wa, et al. Blood and Urine 5-Hydroxytryptamine [Serotonin]
Levels after Administration of Two 5-Hydroxytryptophan Precursors in
Normal Man. Bri J Clin Pharmacol. 1995; 39:327-29.
433.
Takahashi S, Kondo H, Kato N. Effect of L-5-hydroxytryptophan on
brain monoamine metabolism and evaluation of its clinical effect in
depressed patients. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12:177-187.
434.
Tanskanen A, et al.Fish consumption and depressive symptoms in
the general population in Finland. Psychiatric services. 2001;
52(4):529-31.
435.
Tanskanen A, Hibbeln JR, Hintikka J, Haatainen K, Honkalampi K,
Viinamaki H. Fish consumption, depression, and suicidality in a
general population. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001; 58: 512-513.
436.
Tanskanen, Antti, et al. Fish consumption, depression, and
suicidality in a general population. Archives of General Psychiatry,
Vol. 58, May 2001, pp. 512-13
437.
The Natural Pharmacist 5-HTP (5-Hydroxytryptophan) Prima
Communications, Inc., The Natural Pharmacist
438.
Thien FC, Woods RK, Walters EH. Oily fish and asthma—a
fishy story? Med J Aust. 1996;164:135–136.
439.
Thomas N, Morris HA, Scopacasa F, Wishart JM, Need AG.
Relationships between age, dehydro-epiandrosterone sulphate and
plasma glucose in healthy men. Age Ageing 1999 Mar;28(2):217-20.
440.
Thompson, Richard, The Brain A Neuroscience Primer. 1993; W. H.
Freeman and Company
441.
Tiemeier H, van Tuijl HR, Hofman A, et al. Plasma fatty acid
composition and depression are associated in the elderly: the
Rotterdam study. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78:40-46.
442.
Timothy C. Birdsall, N.D.Thorne
Research Alternative Med. Rev. 1998; V3,N4: 271-2805-Hydroxytryptophan:
A Clinically-Effective Serotonin Precursor - Meta-Analysis of
Clinical Trials
443.
Titus F, Davalos A, Alom J, Codina A.Eur
Neurol. 1986;25(5):327-9. PMID: 35365215
-Hydroxytryptophan versus methysergide in the prophylaxis of
migraine. Randomized clinical trial.
444.
Tomer A, Kasey S, Connor WE, et al. Reduction of pain episodes
and prothrombotic activity in sickle cell disease by dietary n-3
fatty acids. Thromb Haemost. 2001;85:966–974.
445.
Toner LC, Tsambiras BM, Catalano G, et al. Central nervous system
side effects associated with zolpidem treatment. Clin Neuropharmacol.
2000;23(1):54-58.
446.
Toyo’oka T, Yamazaki T, Tanimoto T, et al. Characterization
of contaminants in EMS-associated L-tryptophan samples by
high-performance liquid chromatography. Chem Pharm Bull. (Tokyo)
1991;39:820–2.
447.
Trucksess MW, Thomas FS, Page SW. High-performance liquid
chromatographic determination of 1,1’-ethylidenebis(L-tryptophan)
in L-tryptophan preparations. J Pharm Sci. 1994;83:720–722.
448.
Trucksess MW. Separation and isolation of trace impurities in
L-tryptophan by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr.
1993;630(1–2):147–150.
449.
V. Linnoila and M. Virkkunen. Aggression, Suicidality, and Serotonin.
J Clin Psychiatry. 1992; 53: 46-51.
450.
Vaddadi KS, Soosai E, Chiu E, et al. A randomised,
placebo-controlled, double blind study of treatment of Huntington's
disease with unsaturated fatty acids. Neuroreport. 2002;13:29-33.
451.
Valcavi R, Zini M, Maestroni G, and Conti A. Melatonin stimulates
growth hormone secretion through pathways other than the
growth-hormone releasing hormone. Clinical Endocrinology
1993;39:193-199.
452.
Van Dam M, Stalenhoef AF, Wittekoek J, et al. Efficacy of
concentrated n-3 fatty acids in hypertriglyceridaemia: a comparison
with gemfibrozil. Clin Drug Invest. 2001;21:175–181.
453.
Van der Stelt et al. Effects of dietary tryptophan variations on
extracellular serotonin in the dorsal hippocampus of rats.
Psychopharmacology 172:137-44 (2004)
454.
Van Hiele LJ. L-5-Hydroxytryptophan in depression: the first
substitution therapy in psychiatry? The treatment of 99 out-patients
with 'therapy-resistant' depressions. Neuropsychobiology
1980;6:230-240.
455.
Van Praag H. Management of depression with serotonin precursors.
Biol Psychiatry 1981;16:291-310.
456. Van Praag HM “In
search of the action of anti-depressants: 5HTP, tyrosine mixtures in
depression” Neuropharmacol 1983; 22:433-40.
457.
Van Praag HM et al “Therapeutic indications for serotonin
potentiating compounds, a hypothesis” Biol Psychiat 1987;
22:205-12.
458.
Van Praag HM, Korf J, Dols LCW, Schut T. A pilot study of the
predictive value of the probenecid test in the application of
5-hydroxytryptophan as an antidepressant. Psychopharmacologia
1972;25:14-21.
459.
Van Praag HM, van den Burg W, Bos ER, Dols LC.
Psychopharmacologia. 1974;38(3):267-9.PMID: 45474185-hydroxytryptophan
in combination with clomipramine in "therapy-resistant"
depressions
460.
Van Praag HM. Central serotonin: Its relation to depression
vulnerability and depression prophylaxis. In: Obiols J, Ballus C,
Gonzalez Monclus E, Pujol J, eds. Biological Psychiatry Today.
Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-Holland; 1979:485-498.
461.
Van Praag HM. Precursors of serotonin, dopamine and
norepinephrine in the treatment of depression. In: Lemberger L,
Reidenberg MM, eds. Proceedings of the Second World Conference on
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Maryland: American Society
for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; 1984:541.
462.
Van Praag HM. Serotonin precursors in the treatment of
depression. Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol 1982;34:259-86.
463.
Van Woert MH, Rosenbaum D and others. Long-term therapy of
monoclonus and other neurological disorders with
L-5-hydroxytryptophan and carbadopa. N Engl J Med. 1977;296(2):70-75.
464.
Voigt RG, Llorente AM, Jensen CL, et al. A randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of docosahexaenoic acid
supplementation in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder. J
Pediatr
2001;139(2):189-96.
465.
Volker D, Fitzgerald P, Major G, et al. Efficacy of fish oil
concentrate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol.
2000;27:2343–2346.
466.
Vollset SE, Heuch I, Bjelke E. Fish consumption and mortality
from coronary heart disease [letter]. N Engl J Med. 1985;313:820–821.
467.
Von Schacky C, Angerer P, Kothny W, et al. The effect of dietary
omega-3 fatty acids on coronary atherosclerosis. A randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med.
1999;130:554–562.
468.
Vorbach EU, Arnoldt KH, Hubner WD. Efficacy and tolerability of
St. John's wort extract LI 160 versus imipramine in patients with
severe depressive episodes according to ICD-10. Pharmacopsychiatry
1997 Sep;30 Suppl 2:81-5.
469.
W. Byerley, et al. 5-Hydroxytryptophan: A Review of Its
Antidepressant Efficacy and Adverse Effects. J Clin Psychopharmacol
1987; 7: 127-37.
470.
W. Poeldinger, et al. A Functional-Dimensional Approach to
Depression: Serotonin Deficiency as a Target Syndrome in a Comparison
of 5 -Hydroxytryptophan and Fluvoxamine. Psychopathology. 1991; 24:
53-81.
471.
Walton AJE, Snaith ML, Locniskar M, et al. Dietary fish oil and
the severity of symptoms in patients with systemic lupus
erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis. 1991;50:463–466.
472.
Wardlaw G, Contemporary Nutrition. 1994; Times Mirror Higher
Education Group, Inc. USA
473.
Warren G, McKendrick M, Peet M. The role of essential fatty acids
in chronic fatigue syndrome. A case-controlled study of red-cell
membrane essential fatty acids (EFA) and a placebo-controlled
treatment study with high dose of EFA. Acta Neurol Scand.
1999;99:112–116.
474.
Wassertheil-Smoller S, Shumaker S, Ockene J, Talavera GA,
Greenland P, Cochrane B, Robbins J, Aragaki A, Dunbar-Jacob J.
Depression and cardiovascular sequelae in postmenopausal women: the
Women’s Health Initiative (WHI). Arch Int Med 2004;164:289-98.
475.
Whelton PK, Kumanyika SK, Cook NR, et al. Efficacy of
nonpharmacologic interventions in adults with high-normal blood
pressure: Results from phase 1 of the Trials of Hypertension
Prevention. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997; 65(suppl 2):S652–S660.
476.
Willatts P, et al. Effect of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty
acids in infant formula on problem solving at 10 months of age.
Lancet 1998;352:688-691.
477. Woodman RJ, Mori TA,
Burke V, et al. Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic acid and
docosahexaenoic acid on platelet, fibrinolytic and vascular function
in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients. Atherosclerosis.
2003;166:85–93.
478.
Williamson BL, Benson LM, Tomlinson AJ, et al. On-line
HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of contaminants of
L-tryptophan associated with the onset of the eosinophilia-myalgia
syndrome. Toxicol Lett. 1997;92:139–148.
479.
Wolkowitz OM, Reus VI, Keebler A, Nelson N, Friedland M,
Brizendine L, Roberts E. Double-blind treatment of major depression
with dehydroepiandrosterone. Am J Psychiatry 1999 Apr;156(4):646-9.
480.
Woods RK, Thien FC, Abramson MJ. Dietary marine fatty acids (fish
oil) for asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;4:1–12 +5
tables.
481.
Wurtman RJ and Wurtman JJ. Brain serotonin, carbohydrate-craving
obesity and depression. [Review] Obesity Research. 1995;3 Suppl.
4:477S-480S.
482.
Y. Hoshino, et al. Serum Serotonin Levels of Normal Subjects in
Physiological State and Stress Conditions. Jpn J Psychosom Med. 1979;
19: 283-93.
483.
Young SN, Teff KL “Tryptophan availability, 5HTP
synthesis and 5HT function” Prog Neuro Psychopharmacol and Biol
Psychiat 1989; 13:373-79.
484.
Yam D, et. al. The effect of omega-3 fatty acids on risk factors
for cardiovascular diseases. Harefuah. 2001;140:1156-1158.
485.
Yehuda S, Rabinovitz S, Mostofsky DI. Modulation of learning and
neuronal membrane composition in the rat by essential fatty acid
preparation: time course analysis. Neurochem Res 1998; 23: 627-34.
486.
Yehyda S, Rabinovitz S, Mostofsky DI. Essential fatty acids are
mediators of brain biochemistry and cognitive functions. J Neurosci
Res 1999; 56: 565-70.
487.
Zanarini MC, Frankenburg FR. Omega-3 fatty acid treatment of
women with borderline personality disorder: a double-blind,
placebo-controlled pilot study. Am
J Psychiatry
2003;160(1):167-9.
488.
Zimmer L, Vancassel S, Cantagrel S, Breton, et al. The dopamine
mesocorticolimbic pathway is affected by deficiency in n-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 75: 662-7.
489.
Ziylan ZY, Bernard GC, LeFamconnier JM, Durand GA, Bourre JM.
Effect of dietary n-3 fatty acid deficiency on blood-to-brain
transfer of sucrose, alpha-aminoisobutyrie acid and phenylalamine in
the rat. Neurosci Lett 1992; 137: 9-13.
490.
Zlatkina AR, Sidel'nikova MV, Borodulina OV, Dubova VG.
Characteristics of the amino acid spectrum of blood serum in diabetes
mellitus. Probl Endokrinol (Mosk) 1977 May-Jun;23(3):7-12.
491.
Zmilacher K, et al. L-5-hydroxytryptophan alone and in
combination with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor in the
treatment of depression. Neuropsychobiology 1988;20:28-35.
|
